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91.
92.
Matthew J. O’Brien Ji Young Lee Mercedes R. Carnethon Ronald T. Ackermann Maria C. Vargas Andrew Hamilton Nivedita Mohanty Sarah S. Rittner Jessica N. Park Amro Hassan David R. Buchanan Lei Liu Joseph Feinglass 《PLoS medicine》2016,13(7)
BackgroundIn 2015, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended targeted screening for prediabetes and diabetes (dysglycemia) in adults who are aged 40 to 70 y old and overweight or obese. Given increasing prevalence of dysglycemia at younger ages and lower body weight, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, we sought to determine whether the current screening criteria may fail to identify some high-risk population subgroups.ConclusionsTargeted diabetes screening based on new USPSTF criteria may detect approximately half of adult community health center patients with undiagnosed dysglycemia and proportionately fewer racial/ethnic minorities than whites. Future research is needed to estimate the performance of these screening criteria in population-based samples. 相似文献
93.
Loliza L. F. H. Chalub Carolina C. Martins Raquel C. Ferreira Andréa M. D. Vargas 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Objectives
Estimate the prevalence of functional dentition among Brazilian adults using four different definitions and identify associated factors.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 9564 Brazilian adults aged 35–44 years who participated in the 2010 National Oral Health Survey. Data collection involved oral examinations and the administration of questionnaires. The following definitions were used: 1—WHO Functional Dentition (FDWHO: ≥ 20 teeth present); 2—well-distributed teeth (WDT: ≥ 10 teeth in each arch); 3 –Functional dentition classified by esthetics and occlusion (FDClass5: dentitions that sequentially exhibit at least one tooth in each arch, at least 10 teeth in each arch, all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, three or four premolar posterior occluding pairs [POPs], and at least one molar POP bilaterally); 4—Functional dentition classified by esthetics, occlusion and periodontal status (FDClass6: corresponds to FDClass5 with the addition of periodontal status of all sextants in the oral cavity with, at most, shallow pockets and/or clinical attachment level of 5 mm (CPI ≤ 3 and/or CAL ≤ 1). The independent variables were individual factors (gender, self-declared skin color, schooling, monthly household income, age group, self-rated treatment need, dental pain, dental appointment in the previous 12 months and dental services) and contextual factors (Municipal Human Development Index [MHDI]), Gini coefficient, fluoridated water supply and oral health coverage). Multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regression analyses were performed.Results
The prevalence of functional dentition based on the FDWHO, WDT, FDClass5 and FDClass6 definitions was 77.9%, 72.9%, 42.6% and 40.3%, respectively. Adults with ≥12 years of schooling and monthly household income from US$ 853 to 2557 had higher prevalence rates of FDWHO (PR: 1.41 and 1.10, respectively), WDT (PR: 1.58 and 1.14, respectively), FDClass5 (PR: 2.03 and 1.27, respectively) and FDClass6 (PR: 2.15 and 1.35, respectively). These values in the final models were adjusted for gender, self-declared skin color (FDClass5), age group, self-rated treatment need (FDWHO, FDClass5 and FDClass6), dental appointment in the previous 12 months (FDWHO and WDT), dental services (FDWHO and WDT) and contextual factors. A very high MHDI and presence of fluoridated water supply were associated with higher prevalence rates of the four outcomes.Conclusions
The incorporation of the criteria of new definitions of functional dentition led to a lower prevalence rate among Brazilian adults. Striking individual and contextual inequalities were identified with regard to the four definitions analyzed, which need to be addressed through inter-sector efforts. 相似文献94.
Ocellatin‐PT antimicrobial peptides: High‐resolution microscopy studies in antileishmania models and interactions with mimetic membrane systems 下载免费PDF全文
Mayara Oliveira Ana Georgina Gomes‐Alves Carla Sousa Mariela Mirta Marani Alexandra Plácido Nuno Vale Cristina Delerue‐Matos Paula Gameiro Selma A. S. Kückelhaus Ana M. Tomas José Roberto S. A. Leite Peter Eaton 《Biopolymers》2016,105(12):873-886
Although the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is not clear, they can interact electrostatically with the cell membranes of microorganisms. New ocellatin‐PT peptides were recently isolated from the skin secretion of Leptodactylus pustulatus. The secondary structure of these AMPs and their effect on Leishmania infantum cells, and on different lipid surface models was characterized in this work. The results showed that all ocellatin‐PT peptides have an α‐helix structure and five of them (PT3, PT4, PT6 to PT8) have leishmanicidal activity; PT1 and PT2 affected the cellular morphology of the parasites and showed greater affinity for leishmania and bacteria‐mimicking lipid membranes than for those of mammals. The results show selectivity of ocellatin‐PTs to the membranes of microorganisms and the applicability of biophysical methods to clarify the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes. 相似文献
95.
A highly conserved metalloprotease effector enhances virulence in the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola 下载免费PDF全文
96.
Noah Obeng-Nkrumah Appiah-Korang Labi Naa Okaikor Addison Juliana Ewuramma Mbiriba Labi Georgina Awuah-Mensah 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2016,15(1):49
Background
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are life-threatening emergencies. Identification of the common pathogens and their susceptibility patterns is necessary for timely empirical intervention.Methods
We conducted a 4-year retrospective analysis of blood cultures from all patients excluding neonates at the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, Ghana, from January 2010 through December 2013. Laboratory report data were used to determine BSI, blood culture contamination, pathogen profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.Results
Overall, 3633 (23.16 %) out of 15,683 blood cultures were positive for various organisms. Pathogen-positive cultures accounted for 1451 (9.3 %, 95 % CI 8.5–9.8 %). Infants recorded the highest true blood culture positivity (20.9 %, n = 226/1083), followed by the elderly (13.3 %, n = 80/601), children (8.9 %, n = 708/8000) and adults (7.2 %, n = 437/6000) (p = 0.001 for Marascuilo’s post hoc). Overall occurrence of BSI declined with increasing age-group (p = 0.001) but the type of isolates did not vary with age except for Citrobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Enterococcus species. Gram negative bacteria predominated in our study (59.8 %, n = 867/1451), but the commonest bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (21.9 %, n = 318/1451)—and this trend run through the various age-groups. From 2010 to 2013, we observed a significant trend of yearly increase in the frequency of BSI caused by cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (Chi square for trend, p = 0.001). Meropenem maintained high susceptibility among all Gram-negative organisms ranging from 96 to 100 %. Among Staphylococcus aureus, susceptibility to cloxacillin was 76.6 %.Conclusion
Our study shows a significantly high blood culture positivity in infants as compared to children, adults and the elderly. There was a preponderance of S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria across all age-groups. Meropenem was the most active antibiotic for Gram-negative bacteria. Cloxacillin remains a very useful anti-staphylococcal agent.97.
Roser Guiteras Anna Sola Maria Flaquer Anna Manonelles Georgina Hotter Josep M. Cruzado 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(2):841-851
Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) have regenerative properties and shown promise as cell therapy in chronic kidney disease. However, M2 plasticity is one of the major hurdles to overcome. Our previous studies showed that genetically modified macrophages stabilized by neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) were able to preserve their M2 phenotype. Nowadays, little is known about M2 macrophage effects in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of both bone marrow‐derived M2 (BM‐фM2) and ф‐NGAL macrophages in the db/db mice. Seventeen‐week‐old mice with established DKD were divided into five treatment groups with their controls: D+BM‐фM2; D+ф‐BM; D+ф‐NGAL; D+ф‐RAW; D+SHAM and non‐diabetic (ND) (db/‐ and C57bl/6J) animals. We infused 1 × 106 macrophages twice, at baseline and 2 weeks thereafter. BM‐фM2 did not show any therapeutic effect whereas ф‐NGAL significantly reduced albuminuria and renal fibrosis. The ф‐NGAL therapy increased the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 and reduced some pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced the proportion of M1 glomerular macrophages and podocyte loss and was associated with a significant decrease of renal TGF‐β1. Overall, our study provides evidence that ф‐NGAL macrophage cell therapy has a therapeutic effect on DKD probably by modulation of the renal inflammatory response caused by the diabetic milieu. 相似文献
98.
Gemma Molero Ryan Joynson Francisco J. Pinera‐Chavez Laura‐Jayne Gardiner Carolina Rivera‐Amado Anthony Hall Matthew P. Reynolds 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(7):1276-1288
One of the major challenges for plant scientists is increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield potential (YP). A significant bottleneck for increasing YP is achieving increased biomass through optimization of radiation use efficiency (RUE) along the crop cycle. Exotic material such as landraces and synthetic wheat has been incorporated into breeding programmes in an attempt to alleviate this; however, their contribution to YP is still unclear. To understand the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and RUE, we applied genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to a panel of 150 elite spring wheat genotypes including many landrace and synthetically derived lines. The panel was evaluated for 31 traits over 2 years under optimal growing conditions and genotyped using the 35K wheat breeders array. Marker‐trait association identified 94 SNPs significantly associated with yield, agronomic and phenology‐related traits along with RUE and final biomass (BM_PM) at various growth stages that explained 7%–17% of phenotypic variation. Common SNP markers were identified for grain yield, BM_PM and RUE on chromosomes 5A and 7A. Additionally, landrace and synthetic derivative lines showed higher thousand grain weight (TGW), BM_PM and RUE but lower grain number (GM2) and harvest index (HI). Our work demonstrates the use of exotic material as a valuable resource to increase YP. It also provides markers for use in marker‐assisted breeding to systematically increase BM_PM, RUE and TGW and avoid the TGW/GM2 and BM_PM/HI trade‐off. Thus, achieving greater genetic gains in elite germplasm while also highlighting genomic regions and candidate genes for further study. 相似文献
99.
100.
Fiona C. Lewis‐McDougall Prashant J. Ruchaya Eva Domenjo‐Vila Tze Shin Teoh Larissa Prata Beverley J. Cottle James E. Clark Prakash P. Punjabi Wael Awad Daniele Torella Tamara Tchkonia James L. Kirkland Georgina M. Ellison‐Hughes 《Aging cell》2019,18(3)
Aging leads to increased cellular senescence and is associated with decreased potency of tissue‐specific stem/progenitor cells. Here, we have done an extensive analysis of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from human subjects with cardiovascular disease, aged 32–86 years. In aged subjects (>70 years old), over half of CPCs are senescent (p16INK4A, SA‐β‐gal, DNA damage γH2AX, telomere length, senescence‐associated secretory phenotype [SASP]), unable to replicate, differentiate, regenerate or restore cardiac function following transplantation into the infarcted heart. SASP factors secreted by senescent CPCs renders otherwise healthy CPCs to senescence. Elimination of senescent CPCs using senolytics abrogates the SASP and its debilitative effect in vitro. Global elimination of senescent cells in aged mice (INK‐ATTAC or wild‐type mice treated with D + Q senolytics) in vivo activates resident CPCs and increased the number of small Ki67‐, EdU‐positive cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic approaches that eliminate senescent cells may alleviate cardiac deterioration with aging and restore the regenerative capacity of the heart. 相似文献